Asynchronous Data Processing Platforms for Energy Efficiency, Performance, and Scalability

The global technology revolution is changing the integrated circuit industry from the one driven by performance to the one driven by energy, scalability and more-balanced design goals. Without clock-related issues, asynchronous circuits enable further design tradeoffs and in operation adaptive adjustments for energy efficiency. This dissertation work presents the design methodology of the asynchronous circuit using NULL Convention Logic (NCL) and multi-threshold CMOS techniques for energy efficiency and throughput optimization in digital signal processing circuits. Parallel homogeneous and heterogeneous platforms implementing adaptive dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) based on the observation of system fullness and workload prediction are developed for balanced control of the performance and energy efficiency. Datapath control logic with NULL Cycle Reduction (NCR) and arbitration network are incorporated in the heterogeneous platform for large scale cascading. The platforms have been integrated with the data processing units using the IBM 130 nm 8RF process and fabricated using the MITLL 90 nm FDSOI process. Simulation and physical testing results show the energy efficiency advantage of asynchronous designs and the effective of the adaptive DVS mechanism in balancing the energy and performance in both platforms

Nilpotent Groups

This article describes the concept of the nilpotent group and some properties of the nilpotent groups.Li Dailu - Qingdao University of Science and Technology, ChinaLiang Xiquan - Qingdao University of Science and Technology, ChinaMen Yanhong - Qingdao University of Science and Technology, ChinaGrzegorz Bancerek. The fundamental properties of natural numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):41-46, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek and Krzysztof Hryniewiecki. Segments of natural numbers and finite sequences. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):107-114, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Functions and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):55-65, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Functions from a set to a set. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):153-164, 1990.Wojciech A. Trybulec. Classes of conjugation. Normal subgroups. Formalized Mathematics, 1(5):955-962, 1990.Wojciech A. Trybulec. Groups. Formalized Mathematics, 1(5):821-827, 1990.Wojciech A. Trybulec. Subgroup and cosets of subgroups. Formalized Mathematics, 1(5):855-864, 1990.Wojciech A. Trybulec. Commutator and center of a group. Formalized Mathematics, 2(4):461-466, 1991.Wojciech A. Trybulec and Michał J. Trybulec. Homomorphisms and isomorphisms of groups. Quotient group. Formalized Mathematics, 2(4):573-578, 1991.Katarzyna Zawadzka. Solvable groups. Formalized Mathematics, 5(1):145-147, 1996

Exploring Collaborative Music Making Experience in Shared Virtual Environments.

PhD ThesisVirtual Environments (VEs), as media providing high-level immersion, o er people an opportunity to mimic natural interpersonal interactions digitally. As a multi-player version of VEs, Shared Virtual Environments (SVEs) inherit VEs' advantages in enabling natural interactions and generating a high level of immersion, and will possibly play an increasingly important role in supporting digitally-mediated collaboration. Though SVEs have been extensively explored for education, entertainment, work, and training, as yet, few SVEs exist in the eld of supporting creative collaboration and as a result, research on the creative aspect of collaboration in SVEs remains very poor. This raises questions about how to design the user experience to support creative collaboration in SVEs. This thesis starts with an introduction and related work. An SVE called Let's Move (LeMo) will then be briefed. LeMo allows two people to interact with each other and create music collaboratively in its virtual environment. Three studies based on LeMo will then be presented: Study I explores how free-form visual 3D annotations and work identity in uence the collaboration, Study II and Study III explore how working space con gurations a ect the collaboration. Results indicate that: (1) 3D annotations can support people's collaborative music making (CMM) in SVEs through ve classes of use; (2) group territory, personal territory, and territorial behaviour emerge during collaborative music making in SVEs; (3) manipulating characteristics of personal space a ected collaborative behaviour, formation of territory, work e ciency, sense of contribution, preference, and so on. Then an overall discussion between studies is made and further implications for SVEs supporting collaborative music making (and other types of collaboration) in SVEs are given. The ndings of this thesis contribute towards the design of Human-Computer Interaction of Shared Virtual Environments focusing on supporting collaborative music making

Basic Properties of Periodic Functions

In this article we present definitions, basic properties and some examples of periodic functions according to [5].Li Bo - Qingdao University of Science and Technology, ChinaLi Dailu - Qingdao University of Science and Technology, ChinaMen Yanhong - Qingdao University of Science and Technology, ChinaLiang Xiquan - Qingdao University of Science and Technology, ChinaGrzegorz Bancerek. The fundamental properties of natural numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):41-46, 1990.Grzegorz Bancerek. The ordinal numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):91-96, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Functions and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):55-65, 1990.Czesław Byliński. Some basic properties of sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):47-53, 1990.Chuanzhang Chen. Mathematical Analysis. Higher Education Press, Beijing, 1978.Krzysztof Hryniewiecki. Basic properties of real numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):35-40, 1990.Andrzej Trybulec. Binary operations applied to functions. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):329-334, 1990.Zinaida Trybulec. Properties of subsets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):67-71, 1990.Peng Wang and Bo Li. Several differentiation formulas of special functions. Part V. Formalized Mathematics, 15(3):73-79, 2007, doi:10.2478/v10037-007-0009-4.Edmund Woronowicz. Relations and their basic properties. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):73-83, 1990.Yuguang Yang and Yasunari Shidama. Trigonometric functions and existence of circle ratio. Formalized Mathematics, 7(2):255-263, 1998

Chaotic Analysis on Monthly Precipitation on Hills Region in Middle Sichuan of China

Abstract: The chaotic behavior of monthly precipitation time series is investigated using the phase-space reconstruction technique and the principal component analysis method. A hydrological time series, monthly precipitation series of 50 years (with a total of 600 values) observed on hills in middle region of Sichuan

Uncertainty-Induced Transferability Representation for Source-Free Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

Source-free unsupervised domain adaptation (SFUDA) aims to learn a target domain model using unlabeled target data and the knowledge of a well-trained source domain model. Most previous SFUDA works focus on inferring semantics of target data based on the source knowledge. Without measuring the transferability of the source knowledge, these methods insufficiently exploit the source knowledge, and fail to identify the reliability of the inferred target semantics. However, existing transferability measurements require either source data or target labels, which are infeasible in SFUDA. To this end, firstly, we propose a novel Uncertainty-induced Transferability Representation (UTR), which leverages uncertainty as the tool to analyse the channel-wise transferability of the source encoder in the absence of the source data and target labels. The domain-level UTR unravels how transferable the encoder channels are to the target domain and the instance-level UTR characterizes the reliability of the inferred target semantics. Secondly, based on the UTR, we propose a novel Calibrated Adaption Framework (CAF) for SFUDA, including i)the source knowledge calibration module that guides the target model to learn the transferable source knowledge and discard the non-transferable one, and ii)the target semantics calibration module that calibrates the unreliable semantics. With the help of the calibrated source knowledge and the target semantics, the model adapts to the target domain safely and ultimately better. We verified the effectiveness of our method using experimental results and demonstrated that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performances on the three SFUDA benchmarks. Code is available at https://github.com/SPIresearch/UTR

Several Integrability Formulas of Special Functions. Part II

In this article, we give several differentiation and integrability formulas of special and composite functions including the trigonometric function, the hyperbolic function and the polynomial function [3].Bo Li - Qingdao University of Science and Technology, ChinaYanping Zhuang - Qingdao University of Science and Technology, ChinaYanhong Men - Qingdao University of Science and Technology, ChinaXiquan Liang - Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Chin

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 (OsGPAT3) is required for anther development and male fertility in rice

Lipid molecules are key structural components of plant male reproductive organs, such as the anther and pollen. Although advances have been made in the understanding of acyl lipids in plant reproduction, the metabolic pathways of other lipid compounds, particularly glycerolipids, are not fully understood. Here we report that an endoplasmic reticulum-localized enzyme, Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase 3 (OsGPAT3), plays an indispensable role in anther development and pollen formation in rice. OsGPAT3 is preferentially expressed in the tapetum and microspores of the anther. Compared with wild-type plants, the osgpat3 mutant displays smaller, pale yellow anthers with defective anther cuticle, degenerated pollen with defective exine, and abnormal tapetum development and degeneration. Anthers of the osgpat3 mutant have dramatic reductions of all aliphatic lipid contents. The defective cuticle and pollen phenotype coincide well with the down-regulation of sets of genes involved in lipid metabolism and regulation of anther development. Taking these findings together, this work reveals the indispensable role of a monocot-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase in male reproduction in rice.Xiao Men, Jianxin Shi, Wanqi Liang, Qianfei Zhang, Gaibin Lian, Sheng Quan, Lu Zhu, Zhijing Luo, Mingjiao Chen, Dabing Zhan

GPU-based Iterative Cone Beam CT Reconstruction Using Tight Frame Regularization

X-ray imaging dose from serial cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans raises a clinical concern in most image guided radiation therapy procedures. It is the goal of this paper to develop a fast GPU-based algorithm to reconstruct high quality CBCT images from undersampled and noisy projection data so as to lower the imaging dose. For this purpose, we have developed an iterative tight frame (TF) based CBCT reconstruction algorithm. A condition that a real CBCT image has a sparse representation under a TF basis is imposed in the iteration process as regularization to the solution. To speed up the computation, a multi-grid method is employed. Our GPU implementation has achieved high computational efficiency and a CBCT image of resolution 512\times512\times70 can be reconstructed in ~5 min. We have tested our algorithm on a digital NCAT phantom and a physical Catphan phantom. It is found that our TF-based algorithm is able to reconstrct CBCT in the context of undersampling and low mAs levels. We have also quantitatively analyzed the reconstructed CBCT image quality in terms of modulation-transfer-function and contrast-to-noise ratio under various scanning conditions. The results confirm the high CBCT image quality obtained from our TF algorithm. Moreover, our algorithm has also been validated in a real clinical context using a head-and-neck patient case. Comparisons of the developed TF algorithm and the current state-of-the-art TV algorithm have also been made in various cases studied in terms of reconstructed image quality and computation efficiency.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, accepted by Phys. Med. Bio

Molecular characterization of cathepsin B from Clonorchis sinensis excretory/secretory products and assessment of its potential for serodiagnosis of clonorchiasis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cathepsin cysteine proteases play multiple roles in the life cycle of parasites such as food uptake, immune invasion and pathogenesis, making them valuable targets for diagnostic assays, vaccines and drugs. The purpose of this study was to identify a cathepsin B of <it>Clonorchis sinensis </it>(<it>Cs</it>CB) and to investigate its diagnostic value for human helminthiases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The predicted amino acid sequence of the cathepsin B of <it>C. sinensis </it>shared 63%, 52%, 50% identity with that of <it>Schistosoma japonicum</it>, <it>Homo sapiens </it>and <it>Fasciola hepatica</it>, respectively. Sequence encoding proenzyme of <it>Cs</it>CB was overexpressed in <it>Escherichia coli</it>. Reverse transcription PCR experiments revealed that <it>Cs</it>CB transcribed in both adult worm and metacercaria of <it>C. sinensis</it>. <it>Cs</it>CB was identified as a <it>C. sinensis </it>excretory/secretory product by immunoblot assay, which was consistent with immunohistochemical localization showing that <it>Cs</it>CB was especially expressed in the intestine of <it>C. sinensis </it>adults. Both ELISA and western blotting analysis showed recombinant <it>Cs</it>CB could react with human sera from clonorchiasis and other helminthiases.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our findings revealed that secreted CsCB may play an important role in the biology of C. sinensis and could be a diagnostic candidate for helminthiases.</p